Deep eutectic solvents in desulfurization of fuel oil

Abstract

One of the most important environmental and industrial issues is the presence of sulfur compounds in fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and kerosene. In general, the composition of sulfur species is dependable on fraction level. About 80% of sulfur exists in the form of thiophenic derivates, while benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) accounted for more than 70% of thiophenic sulfur (Chandra Srivastava, 2012). As a result, ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel fuels draws great attention and become one of significant process for oil refineries. In several countries, fuel specifications related to sulfur concentrations have been adopted to solve these concerns (Strata Advisors, 2021). Table 14.1 shows the current environmental regulations applied for controlling the sulfur content in fuel oil.