Integrating Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Accurate Mapping and Analysis of Paddy Field Distribution in Kelantan: A Case Study

Abstract

This research focuses on studying the distribution of paddy fields in Kelantan between 2016 and 2021, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and satellite imagery from Landsat 8 acquired through remote sensing. The primary objective is to examine the spatial distribution of paddy fields within a specific area in Kelantan and analyze changes that occurred during the mentioned time frame. By combining satellite images, GPS technology, the study aimed to offer comprehensive insights into distribution patterns and changes in paddy fields, which can inform decisions related to paddy field production and agricultural management. Maps of Kelantan were obtained from Earth Explorer websites, processed, and analyzed to calculate vegetation indices like Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). The study's key findings reveal the distribution of paddy fields in Kelantan, with an area of 27,420.88 hectares in 2021, marking a 2.31% decrease compared to the previous year's 28,863.91 hectares. The research successfully achieved its goals, assessing vegetation indices and creating a distribution map of paddy fields in Kelantan. These findings have the potential to contribute to effective agricultural management and decision-making processes in the study area.