Pembangunan Item Model Insaniah Generasi Muda Berisiko Di Malaysia: Item Development for Insaniah Model for At-Risk Youth in Malaysia

Abstract

This paper is aimed to explore the extent to which items for Insaniah Model for at risk youth can be developed. The at risk youth is focused among a group of TVET agriculture category, age from 15-25 years old only. To achieve this objective, a conceptual model is built from the Theory of Planned Behaviour which made up the Entrepreneurial Intention as a dependent variable. The integration of the guide from Imam al-Ghazali, who referred to the authentic sources from the Al-Quran, Sunnah, and Hadith, which explain the independent variable such as self-spirituality values, agriculture in the religiosity perspectives, and TVET agriculture soft skills. This study integrates theories and models to develop the conceptual model. Items for the questionnaire are built using Delphi with three modification techniques. The pre-test and pilot tests used the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling 4.0. The Cronbach Alpha and composite reliability values showed the items were reliable. In comparison, convergent validity and discriminant validity indicate that the instrument meets all the criteria for validity and reliability. This paper contributes to developing the Insaniah model with practical aspects without leaving the spirituality dimensions behind in building a man a success. The insaniah model is developed based on empirical findings and is supported by the dearth of explanation from the theories, models, and literature analysis.