Assessing Land Use and Land Cover Change Analysis Using Remote Sensing In Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Abstract

This study focuses on the analysis of land use change patterns in Kota Bharu as a tool for land planning and development. By doing spatial analysis with Geographical Information System (GIS) and obtaining satellite pictures through remote sensing, a pattern of land use change can be determined. Geometric correction is the initial step in the processing of satellite imagery, followed by subsetting, cloud masking, and supervised classification. Land use maps derived from supervised classification of satellite images and existing land use maps are then converted into shapefile format in ArcGIS software and the accuracy evaluation was performed. In this study, the land use change and urban land expansion index are selected using an algorithm. The overall Kappa Coefficient accuracy evaluation ranges from 80.33% to 87.31%, whilst Cohen Kappa ranges between 0.598 and 0.749. This analysis reveals a decline in forest acreage, an increase in agricultural land, and urbanisation. As a result of the growth and enhancement of infrastructure and utilities in Kota Bharu and the use of these natural resources, the amount of virgin forest and vegetation has shrunk drastically. In year 2005 was the greatest decline in forest area, with a fall of 25.29% from the previous year. According to Pearson Association research, there is a substantial negative correlation between forest and agricultural areas, which indicates that as agricultural land expands, forest reserves diminish. From year 2000 to year 2020, the urban expansion index of Kota Bharu had increased. The study revealed that progressive development in Kota Bharu encourages the sustainable use of forest land when efforts are made to rehabilitate and restore nature, hence creating a land use category in which forest and agriculture coexist.