Optimization of formulation conditions for peel-off face mask from banana peels and mulberry leaves extracts using response surface methodology

Abstract

Agricultural waste such as banana peels is a problem for the environment if it is not properly managed. In fact, the banana peel can be utilized in cosmetic product formulation such as peel-off mask because of the natural antioxidant content in the peel. Besides, another plant like mulberry leaves that could benefits the skins can be added to the cosmetic product formulation. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the formulation conditions of peel-off face mask from banana peels and mulberry leaves extracts. In this research, Design-Expert software was applied in determining the best composition of peel-off face mask formulation. The best formulation was determined based on the product testing, including drying time, colour, pH and elasticity. The optimal conditions for the formulation of peel-off face mask were found at 15% polyvinyl alcohol and 0% of carbomer. This formulation then was compared with the commercial product in terms of its physicochemical properties. The formulated mask in this study could be commercialized, but some additional tests such as microbial, stability and sensory should be examined.