Identification of Nymphoides indica and Eichhornia crassipes as Potential Plants for the Phytoremediation of Batik Wastewater

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the potential of water snowflake, Nymphoides indica and water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes for remediation batik wastewater. The endurance studies of both plant species showed that water hyacinth had a higher endurance limit toward batik wastewater than water snowflakes. Therefore, the phytoremediation study of batik wastewater was further conducted with water hyacinth as the agent. The results from phytoremediation had shown that water hyacinth was capable of reducing the concentration of sodium (Na), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) by 30.8 mg/L, 0.014 mg/L, 0.089 mg/L, and 0.007 mg/L, respectively. In addition, Na was found to be highly accumulated in the stems of water hyacinth, while Cu, Pb, and Cr were all found to be highly accumulated in the roots of water hyacinth.