Chapter 1 : Introduction

Abstract

The current COVID-19 pandemic impacts all aspects of human life, including education. Reports stated that from 290.5 million to up to 1.725 billion, students are affected by closures of educational institutions involving over 100 countries (Rahim, 2020). A shift to online teaching and learning (OT&L) are adopted by most higher learning institutions. There is a need to determine students’ skills, knowledge, understanding and abilities through an assessment. Assessment is a central element in higher education to determine students’ skills and knowledge and ensure that they achieve the desired learning outcomes (Stödberg, 2012).