Multiple Factors That Influence Employees’ Performance in Public Hospitals – A Critical Literature Review Analysis

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to identify the multiple factors (Individual Factor, Managerial Factor and Environment Factor) that influence the employees’ performance in public hospitals through critical literature review analysis. The most important asset for healthcare industry around the world is its employees. Employees’ performance will directly affect the performance of an organization, inclusive of public hospitals. Even though public hospitals provide healthcare services with the lowest cost incurred to public, but the voice of dissatisfactory coming from public towards public hospitals performances are still oftentimes heard. Efforts to improve employees’ performance in public hospitals have been of great concern to health care providers worldwide. The factors that influence employees’ performance have been extensively researched. Many models or theories have been developed to improve the employees’ performance such as Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Adams’ Equity Theory, Performance Pathway Model and etc. A literature review was conducted to identify external and internal factors that influencing employees’ performance in public hospitals. Healthcare employees’ performance can deteriorate and a challenge for the management to seriously consider the needs of healthcare employees to ensure good performance. Overall, it is hoped that the study will enable a deeper understanding of the nature of human resource management approaches and its indispensability to the success of public hospitals. This paper is divided into four parts which comprises of introduction, key issues and research problems, multiple factors related to employees’ performance and discussion and conclusion